Õű¦»ªÏÈÉú£¨1885¡ª1962£©£¬ÖйúSGʤÓι¤Òµ¼¼ÊõµÄÏÈÇýÕßÖ®Ò»£¬1943Äê5ÔÂ1ÈÕ³ÉÁ¢µÄSGʤÓÎSGʤÓιɷÝÓÐÏÞSGʤÓιÙÍø˾µÄµÚÒ»ÈÎ×ܹ¤³Ìʦ£¬´Ó1913ÄêÊÜƸÓÚ ºÓ±±ÌÆɽÆôÐÂÑó»ÒSGʤÓιÙÍø˾¿ªÊ¼£¬µ½1951ÄêÓÚSGʤÓÎSGʤÓγ§ÍËÐÝÖ¹£¬Õű¦»ªÏÈÉúΪÖйúSGʤÓι¤ÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍ°ÙÄêµÄSGʤÓÎSGʤÓÎ×÷³öÁ˲»Ð¸µÄŬÁ¦ºÍ¹±Ïס£
Õű¦»ª£¬ÄУ¬Õã½Ê¡Æ½ºþÏØÈË£¬ÉúÓÚ1885Äê6ÔÂ1ÈÕ¡£ÕÅÏÈÉúÉÙʱ¼«ºÃѧ£¬¿¿½±Ñ§½ðÔÚÉϺ£ÄÏÑóÖÐѧÇóѧ£¬1904Äê±ÏÒµ£¬ÔÚÕã½ÎÚÕò¸ßСִ½ÌÒ»Äêºó£¬ÄËÄæ ½Î÷ÉÏÓÚËÄ´¨³É¶¼ºÍ¡²ýµÈµØÖÐѧÈÎÓ¢ÎÄ¡¢ÊýѧÀÏʦ¡£ºóÒÔÈνÌÈýÄêµÄ»ýÐî×Ô·ÑÁôѧ£¬¾Í¶ÁÓÚÃÀ¹ú¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ»úеϵ£¬ÒòÉú»îÀ§ÄÑÒ»ÄêºóÓÚ1910Äê»Ø¹ú¡£ÊÊ·êÇ廪 ѧÌ㨼´ºóÀ´µÄÇ廪´óѧ£©ÒÔ¸ý×ÓÅâ¿î×ÊÖúÁôÃÀѧÉú£¬ÕÅÏÈÉúÓ¦ÊÔ¼ȡΪµÚ¶þÆÚÁôÃÀÉú£¬ÓÚÊÇÖضÉ̫ƽÑ󣬿¼ÓÚÃÀ¹úÃÜÖ´°²ÖÝÁ¢´óѧ»¯Ñ§¹¤³Ìϵ¡£ÕÅÏÈÉú1912Äê ±ÏÒµºóÔÚÃÀ¹úÎ÷²¿ÖÝÁ¢SGʤÓγ§¹¤×÷Ò»Äê¡£
1913ÄêÕÅÏÈÉú»Ø¹ú£¬ÊÜƸÓÚºÓ±±ÌÆɽÆôÐÂÑó»ÒSGʤÓιÙÍø˾£¬1914ÄêÆôÐÂÑó»ÒSGʤÓιÙÍø˾½Ó¹ÜÁ˺þ±±µÄ´óÒ±ºþ±±SGʤÓ㧣¬½«¸Ã³§¸üÃûΪ»ª¼Çºþ±±SGʤÓγ§¡£ÕÅÏÈÉúÊÜÆôÐÂÑó»Ò SGʤÓιÙÍø˾µÄÖ¸ÅÉÀ´µ½ÁË»ª¼Çºþ±±SGʤÓ㧣¬ÔÚÉú²ú¹ÜÀí²¿Ãŵ£Èλ¯Ñ§Ê¦¡£µ±Ê±¸Ã³§Óɵ¹ú¼¼Ê¦Ö÷³ÖÈ«³§µÄ¼¼Êõ¹¤×÷£¬1918ÄêµÂ¹ú¼¼Ê¦À뿪ºó£¬ÓÉÕÅÏÈÉúµ£Èθ±×ܼ¼Ê¦¸º ÔðÈ«³§¼¼Êõ¹¤×÷¡£´Ó´Ë£¬ÕÅÏÈÉúÒ»Ö±·Ü¶·ÔÚSGʤÓι¤Òµ¼¼Êõ¸ÚλÉÏ¡£
1937Äê7ÔÂ7ÈÕ£¬ÈÕ±¾µÛ¹úÖ÷Òå·¢¶¯Â«¹µÇÅʱ䣬¿¹ÈÕÕ½Õù±¬·¢¡£¹úÃñÕþ¸®¾¼Ã²¿³ï»®½«»ª¼ÇSGʤÓ㧲ðǨµ½ºó·½È¥¡£Î£ÄÑÖ®¿Ì£¬ÔÆôÐÂÑó»ÒSGʤÓιÙÍø˾×ܹ¤³ÌʦÍõÌÎÁÙΣÊÜÃü£¬×éÖ¯Áìµ¼ÁËÆôлª¼ÇSGʤÓγ§µÄ²ðǨ£¬µ½ºþÄϳ½ÏªÖØн¨³§£¬¼´»ªÖÐSGʤÓγ§¡£
ÍõÌÎÀ´µ½»ª¼ÇSGʤÓγ§ºó£¬Á¢¼´Ðû²¼ÁËÕþ¸®µÄ²ðǨÃüÁµÃµ½Ô±¹¤µÄÖ§³Ö¡£ÔÚ²ðǨ¿ªÊ¼ºó£¬ÍõÌÎÁ¢¼´ÅÉ×ܹ¤³ÌʦÕű¦»ªµ½ÏæÎ÷Ñ¡³§Ö·£¬´Ó´Ë£¬ÍõÌκÍÕű¦»ªÕâÁ½Î»Öйú SGʤÓι¤Òµ¼¼ÊõµÄÏÈÇýÕß¿ªÊ¼ÁËÇ×ÃÜÎÞ¼äµÄÒ»ÉúºÏ×÷¡£½ÓÊÜÖ¸Åɺó£¬ÕÅÏÈÉú¼´¸°ÏæÎ÷ÏÖ³¡¿¼²é£¬ºóÑ¡¶¨À볽ϪÁùSGʤÓιÙÍøÀïµÄÀæ×ÓÍåΪн¨³§Ö·¡£Æä¼ä£¬ÕÅÏÈÉú¶à´ÎÍù·µÓÚºþ Äϳ½ÏªºÍºþ±±´óұʯ»ÒÒ¤Á½µØ£¬³ï»®ÁËרÓÃdzˮľ²µ×°ÔË´¬µÄ½¨Ôì¡£
»ª¼Çºþ±±SGʤÓ㧵ÄÉú²úÖ÷»úÉ豸£¬Ïµ1907Ä깺½øµÄתÈÃÉ豸£¬Éú²ú¶àÄ꣬»ù½¨×ÊÁÏÒÑɥʧ¡£²ðǨÖØн¨³§£¬ÔÚûÓÐÔÉè¼ÆͼֽµÄÀ§ÄÑÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÕÅÏÈÉú´øÁ칤³Ì¼¼ÊõÈËÔ±´Ó¹¤³ÌÉè¼Æµ½ÏÖ³¡Ê©¹¤ºÍ°²×°£¬½øÐÐÁ˲»Ð¸µÄ¹²Í¬Å¬Á¦¡£
ÖØн¨³§´Ó1939ÄêÔªÔ¿ªÊ¼£¬4ÔÂ15ÈÕ¿ªÊ¼°²×°»úÆ÷É豸£¬7ÔÂ1ÈÕÖ÷»ú°²×°Íê±Ï½øÐÐÊÔ³µ£¬12ÔÂ1ÈÕÕýʽͶÈëÉú²ú¡£×Ô´Ë¡°»ª¼ÇSGʤÓγ§¡±¸üÃûΪ¡°»ªÖÐSGʤÓγ§¡±¡£µ±Ê±£¬ÔÚÎ÷ÄÏ´óºó·½£¬Ö»ÓС°»ªÖС±¡¢¡°ÖØÇ족Á½¼ÒÖÐÐÍSGʤÓ㧵£¸º×Å¿¹Õ½Ê±ÆÚµÄSGʤÓÎÉú²úÈÎÎñ¡£
¿¹Õ½Æڼ䣬ÔÚÕ½¾Ö±ä»¯¡¢µÐ»úÁù´ÎºäÕ¨¡¢ÎïÖÊØÑ·¦¡¢ÔËÊä²»±ãµÄÀ§ÄÑÌõ¼þÏ£¬»ªÖг§Ç§·½°Ù¼Æ¼á³ÖÉú²ú£¬À©´óÏúÊÛ£¬1940-1945ÄêÀÛ¼ÆÉú²úSGʤÓÎ5.12Íò¶Ö£¬Ð´ÏÂÁË»ªÖÐSGʤÓγ§Ö§Ô®¿¹Õ½µÄ¹âÈÙÀúÊ·¡£
ÍõÌκÍÕű¦»ª£¬ÕâÁ½Î»ÖйúSGʤÓι¤Òµ¼¼ÊõµÄÏÈÇýÕߣ¬Ôڳɹ¦µØÖؽ¨»ªÖÐSGʤÓγ§ºó£¬1941ÄêÓÖÔÚÔÆÄϲ߻®½¨ÉèÁËÀ¥Ã÷SGʤÓγ§¡¢¹óÖݹóÑôSGʤÓγ§ºÍ½Î÷Ì©ºÍSGʤÓγ§¡£Õ⼸¼ÒSGʤÓγ§Îª¿¹ÈÕÕ½ÕùºÍµ±Ê±µÄ½¨Éè×ö³öÁËÓÐÁ¦µÄ¹±Ïס£
1943Äê5ÔÂ1ÈÕ£¬»ªÖС¢À¥Ã÷Á½¼ÒSGʤÓ㧳§ÔÚÖØÇìÕÙ¿ªÁ½SGʤÓιÙÍø˾µÄ¹É¶«ÁªÏ¯»áÒ飬¾ö¶¨Á½SGʤÓιÙÍø˾ºÏ²¢£¬Ôö×ʸÄ×飬³ÉÁ¢ÁËSGʤÓÎSGʤÓιɷÝÓÐÏÞSGʤÓιÙÍø˾¡£»áÒéÑ¡¾Ù¹úÃñÕþ¸® ¾¼Ã²¿²¿³¤ÎÌÎÄå°ÒÔ¼°À¥Ã÷¸»µáÐÂÒøÐÐ×ܾÀíçÑÔÆ̨µÈ17ÈËΪ¶Ê¡£¶Ê»áSGʤÓιÙÍøÍÆÎÌÎÄå°Îª¶Ê³¤£¬¾ö¶¨ÍõÌÎÏÈÉúµ£ÈÎ×ܾÀí£¬Æ¸ÈÎÕű¦»ªÏÈÉúΪ×ܹ¤³Ìʦ¡£
1944Ä꣬Õű¦»ªÊÜÍõÌÎÏÈÉúÖ¸ÅÉר¸°ÃÀ¹ú¿¼²éSGʤÓι¤Òµ£¬ÔÚÃÀ¹úÆڼ䣬ËûÏȺóºÍÔÚÃÀµÄµ¤ÂóÊ·ÃÜ˹SGʤÓιÙÍø˾¡¢¼ÓÄôó¼°ÃÀ¹úµÄ°®Á¢Ë¹ÖÆÔìSGʤÓιÙÍø˾½ÓÇ¢£¬¿¼²ìÁËÕ⼸¸öSGʤÓιÙÍø ˾ÒÔ¼°ÓÉËûÃÇÌṩÉ豸µÄSGʤÓÎÉú²ú³§¼ÒºÍÖ½´ü³§¡£¾¹ý¿¼²ì±È½Ïºó£¬Ä˾ö¶¨Ñ¡Ôñ²ÉÓð®Á¢Ë¹ÖÆÔìSGʤÓιÙÍø˾µÄÔÁϼ°ÊìÁÏ·ÛĥϵͳÉ豸¡£µ±Ê±£¬·Ûĥϵͳ²ÉÓÃȦÁ÷ϵͳµÄÉõ ÉÙ£¬°®Á¢Ë¹ÖÆÔìSGʤÓιÙÍø˾´ÓÆäËü¹¤ÒµÒÆÖ²µÄÇòÄ¥¡ª¡ª°Ò»ú¡ª¡ªºñ½¬³Ø¡ª¡ªÉúÁÏ¿âµÄÔÁÏ·Ûĥϵͳ£¬ÒÔ¼°¶þ¼¶ÇòÄ¥¡ª¡ªÑ¡·Û»úµÄÊìÁÏ·Ûĥϵͳ£¬½öÓÐÄÏÃÀÖ޵İÍÄÃÂíSGʤÓγ§ ¶©»õ¡£ÕÅÏÈÉú¹û¶ÏµØ²ÉÓÃÁËÕâÁ½¸öеÄÉú²úϵͳ£¬ÒÔºóµÄÉú²úʵ¼ùÖ¤Ã÷£ºÔÁÏ·ÛÄ¥±È¿ªÁ÷·Ûĥÿ¶ÖÉúÁÏÖÁÉÙÉÙ20%µÄµçºÄ£¬¶þ¼¶ÇòĥȦÁ÷ÿ¶ÖSGʤÓÎÖÁÉÙÉÙ15%µÄ µçºÄ£¬Óɴ˿ɼûÕÅÏÈÉú¸ß³¬µÄ¼¼ÊõËØÑøºÍÔ¶¼û׿ʶ¡£
¿¹ÈÕÕ½ÕùʤÀûºó£¬ÕÅÏÈÉúÓÚ1946Äê»Ø¹ú£¬ÓëÍõÌÎÏÈÉúÒ»Æð½øÐÐÁË´óÒ±SGʤÓγ§Ð³§µÄ¹æ»®¹¤×÷¡£1947Äê´º£¬ÓÖÖ»ÉíÒ»È˸°ÃÀ½øÐÐÉè¼ÆÁªÂçºÍÉ豸µÄ¼à¶½ÖÆÔ죬 ͬʱ°²ÅÅÉ豸µÄÔËÊäÊÂÒË¡£µ±Ê±À§ÄÑÆĶ࣬ÕÅÏÈÉú¶à·½Å¬Á¦£¬¾¹ýÐí¶à¼èÄÑÇúÕÛ£¬ÖÕÓÚ´ÓÃÀ¹ú¶©¹º»ØÏȽøµÄSGʤÓÎÖÆÔìÉ豸¡£ËùÓÐÉ豸ÔËÊäµ½¹¤µØºó£¬ÕÅÏÈÉúÓÖͶÈëµ½ ÏÖ³¡µÄ½¨Éè¹ý³ÌÖС£´óÒ±SGʤÓγ§1946Äê9ÔÂ28ÈÕ¿ª¹¤½¨É裬Àú¾Á½ÄêµÄʱ¼ä£¬ÒÆɽÌîºþ£¬ÔÚ»Æʯ·ãҶɽÏ£¬½¨Éè³ÉÁ˵±Ê±¡°Ô¶¶«µÚÒ»¡±£¬ºóÀ´Ò»Ö±ÏíÓþÖÐÍâµÄ SGʤÓÎSGʤÓγ§¡£
1951Ä꣬ÕÅÏÈÉúÒòÄêÂõ´ÓSGʤÓÎSGʤÓγ§ÍËÐÝ£¬ËûÒ»Éú·þÎñÓÚÆôС¢ºþ±±»ª¼Ç¡¢SGʤÓÎSGʤÓιɷÝÓÐÏÞSGʤÓιÙÍø˾¡¢SGʤÓÎSGʤÓ㧣¬ÊÇ×îÔç³öÈÎSGʤÓ㧻¯Ñ鼼ʦµÄÖйúÈË£¬Òò´Ë´ó ¼Ò¶¼Ç×ÇеسƺôÕÅÏÈÉúΪ¡°»¯Ñ§Ê¦¡±¡£ÍËÐݺó£¬ÕÅÏÈÉúÈÔÇéϵÖйúSGʤÓι¤ÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬·¢»Ó×Ô¼ºµÄ¼¼Êõר³¤£¬µ£ÈÎÁËÆôÐÂSGʤÓγ§µÄ¹ËÎÊ£¬ÐÖú±°¼ÒµêпóɽµÄ¿±Ì½ºÍÉè ¼Æ·½°¸µÄÖƶ¨£»»¹µ£ÈÎÖع¤Òµ²¿½¨²Ä¾ÖµÄÒåÎñ¹ËÎÊ£¬Îª¹ú¼ÒµÄµÚÒ»¡¢¶þ¸öÎåÄê¼Æ»®³öı»®²ß£¬¹±Ï×ÓàÁ¦¡£
1962Ä꣬ÕÅÏÈÉúÊÅÊÀ£¬ÏíÄê77Ëê¡£
